{"@context":"http://schema.org","@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1","@reverse":{"isBasedOn":[{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"URL","value":"https://inspirehep.net/literature/2631860"}},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.024908","@type":"JournalArticle"}]},"@type":"Dataset","additionalType":"Collection","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"STAR Collaboration"},"creator":{"@type":"Organization","name":"STAR Collaboration"},"datePublished":"2023","description":"We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\\rm T}$) region $-0.9 &lt; y &lt;0$ and $0.4 &lt; p_{\\rm T} &lt;2.0 $ GeV/$c$ in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic analysis of the proton cumulants and correlation functions up to sixth order as well as the corresponding ratios as a function of the collision centrality, $p_{\\rm T}$,andy are presented. The effect of pileup and initial volume fluctuations on these observables and the respective corrections are discussed in detail. The results are compared to calculations from the hadronic transport UrQMD model as well as a hydrodynamic model. In the most central 5% collisions, the value of proton cumulant ratio $C_4/C_2$ is negative, drastically different from the values observed in Au+Au collisions at higher energies. Compared to model calculations including lattice QCD, a hadronic transport model, and a hydrodynamic model, the strong suppression in the ratio of $C_4/C_2$ at 3 GeV Au+Au collisions indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions.","hasPart":[{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t1","@type":"Dataset","description":"The uncorrected number of charged particles except protons ($N_{\\rm ch}$) within the pseudorapidity $\u22122&lt;\\eta&lt;0$ used for the centrality selection for...","name":"Table 1 data"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t2","@type":"Dataset","description":"The centrality definition determined by $N_{\\rm part}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV from the UrQMD model....","name":"Table 2 data"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t3","@type":"Dataset","description":"Main contributors to systematic uncertainty to the proton cumulant ratios: $C_2/C_1$, $C_3/C_2$,and $C_4/C_2$ from 0\u20135% central 3 GeV Au+Au collisions....","name":"Table 4 data"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t4","@type":"Dataset","description":"Reference multiplicity distributions obtained from Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV data (black markers), Glauber model (red histogram),...","name":"figure 1 data"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t5","@type":"Dataset","description":"Reference multiplicity distributions obtained from Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV data (black markers), Glauber model (red histogram),...","name":"figure 1 model"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t6","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity (black circles) from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Centrality-binned results...","name":"figure 4 CBWC"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t7","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity (black circles) from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Centrality-binned results...","name":"figure 4 FineBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t8","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity (black circles) from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Centrality-binned results...","name":"figure 4 NoCBWC"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t9","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected and uncorrected...","name":"figure 6 FineBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t10","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected and uncorrected...","name":"figure 6 WiderBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t11","@type":"Dataset","description":"Ratios of proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected...","name":"figure 7 FineBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t12","@type":"Dataset","description":"Ratios of proton cumulants as a function of reference multiplicity from $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Pileup corrected...","name":"figure 7 WiderBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t13","@type":"Dataset","description":"UrQMD results of the proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$= 3 GeV. The...","name":"figure 10"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t14","@type":"Dataset","description":"UrQMD results of the proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$= 3 GeV. The...","name":"figure 10 3fm"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t15","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants up to sixth order in $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction is...","name":"figure 11 FineBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t16","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulants up to sixth order in $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction is...","name":"figure 11 WiderBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t17","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction...","name":"figure 12 FineBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t18","@type":"Dataset","description":"Proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. Data without volume fluctuation correction...","name":"figure 12 WiderBin"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t19","@type":"Dataset","description":"UrQMD results of proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The...","name":"figure 13"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t20","@type":"Dataset","description":"Experimental results on centrality dependence of cumulants (left panels) and cumulant ratios (right panels) up to sixth order of the...","name":"figure 14 Corr"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t21","@type":"Dataset","description":"Experimental results on centrality dependence of cumulants (left panels) and cumulant ratios (right panels) up to sixth order of the...","name":"figure 14 without Corr"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t22","@type":"Dataset","description":"Same as Fig. 14 but for correlation function (left panels) and their normalized ratios (right panels).","name":"figure 15 Corr"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t23","@type":"Dataset","description":"Same as Fig. 14 but for correlation function (left panels) and their normalized ratios (right panels).","name":"figure 15 without Corr"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t24","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulants and cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The transverse momentum...","name":"figure 16 data"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t25","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulants and cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The transverse momentum...","name":"figure 16 UrQMD"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t26","@type":"Dataset","description":"Same as Fig. 16 but for correlation functions and correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at...","name":"figure 17 data"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t27","@type":"Dataset","description":"Same as Fig. 16 but for correlation functions and correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at...","name":"figure 17 UrQMD"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t28","@type":"Dataset","description":"The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3...","name":"figure 18 data pt dependence"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t29","@type":"Dataset","description":"The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3...","name":"figure 18 data y dependence"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t30","@type":"Dataset","description":"The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3...","name":"figure 18 UrQMD pt dependence"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t31","@type":"Dataset","description":"The transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of cumulant ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}}$ = 3...","name":"figure 18 UrQMD y dependence"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.134023.v1/t32","@type":"Dataset","description":"As in Fig. 18 but for transverse-momentum and rapidity dependence of correlation function ratios of proton multiplicity distributions for Au+Au...","name":"figure 19 data y 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