{"@context":"http://schema.org","@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1","@reverse":{"isBasedOn":[{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"URL","value":"https://inspirehep.net/literature/2906592"}},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.1103/9l69-2d7p","@type":"JournalArticle"}]},"@type":"Dataset","additionalType":"Collection","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"STAR Collaboration"},"creator":{"@type":"Organization","name":"STAR Collaboration"},"datePublished":"2025","description":"We report precision measurements on cumulants ($C_{n}$) and factorial cumulants ($\\kappa_{n}$) of (net-)proton number distributions up to fourth-order in Au+Au collisions from phase II of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. (Anti-)protons are selected at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) within a transverse momentum range of $0.4 < p_T < 2.0$ GeV/$c$. The collision energy and centrality dependence of these cumulants are studied over center-of-mass energies $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 -- 27 GeV. Relative to various non-critical-point model calculations and peripheral collision 70-80% data, the net-proton $C_4/C_2$ measurement in 0-5% collisions shows a minimum around 19.6 GeV for significance of deviation at $\\sim2$--$5\\sigma$. In addition, deviations from non-critical baselines around the same collision energy region are also seen in proton factorial cumulant ratios, especially in $\\kappa_2/\\kappa_1$ and $\\kappa_3/\\kappa_1$. Dynamical model calculations including a critical point are called for in order to understand these precision measurements.","hasPart":[{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t1","@type":"Dataset","description":"Reference multiplicity distributions (RefMult3 and RefMult3X) for Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV along with MC Glauber model fits.","name":"Table 1"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t2","@type":"Dataset","description":"Collision centrality dependence of net-proton cumulants in Au+Au collisions for $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 27 GeV obtained with RefMult3 and...","name":"Table 2"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t3","@type":"Dataset","description":"Collision energy dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios and proton factorial cumulant ratios in Au+Au collisions from $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 -...","name":"Table 3"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t4","@type":"Dataset","description":"UrQMD model calculations for net-proton cumulant ratios and proton factorial cumulant ratios in Au+Au collisions from $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 -...","name":"Table 4"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t5","@type":"Dataset","description":"Significance of deviations of central 0-5$\\%$ data from various choices of baselines or references.","name":"Table 5"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t6","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulant ratios C2/C1 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV as a function of...","name":"Table 6"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t7","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulant ratios C2/C1 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV as a function of...","name":"Table 7"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t8","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulant ratios C2/C1 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV as a function of...","name":"Table 8"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t9","@type":"Dataset","description":"Reference multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV from BES-II. Three choices of multiplicity distributions (RefMult3 scaled...","name":"Table 9"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t10","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulant ratios C2/C1 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV from BES-II as a...","name":"Table 10"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t11","@type":"Dataset","description":"Reference multiplicity distributions (RefMult3, RefMult3X, and RefMult3A) in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV from UrQMD model. The RefMult3...","name":"Table 11"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t12","@type":"Dataset","description":"Cumulant ratios C2/C1 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV from UrQMD model as...","name":"Table 12"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t13","@type":"Dataset","description":"Collision energy dependence of net-proton C4/C2 in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 27 GeV from BES-II obtained with...","name":"Table 13"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.159490.v1/t14","@type":"Dataset","description":"Difference between net-proton C4/C2 (0-5$\\%$) data from various choices of baselines or references as a function of collision energy from...","name":"Table 14"}],"identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"HEPDataRecord","value":"https://www.hepdata.net/record/ins2906592?version=1"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"HEPDataRecordAlt","value":"https://www.hepdata.net/record/159490"}],"inLanguage":"en","name":"Precision Measurement of (Net-)proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC","provider":{"@type":"Organization","name":"HEPData"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"HEPData"},"url":"https://www.hepdata.net/record/ins2906592?version=1","version":1}