This paper presents an analysis of the multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced inZ0 hadronic decays in the DELPHI detector. It is based on a sample of 25364 events. The average multiplicity is <nch>=20.71±0.04(stat)±0.77(syst) and the dispersionD=6.28±0.03(stat)±0.43(syst). The data are compared with the results at lower energies and with the predictions of phenomenological models. The Lund parton shower model describes the data reasonably well. The multiplicity distributions show approximate KNO-scaling. They also show positive forward-backward correlations that are strongest in the central region of rapidity and for particles of opposite charge.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for the raw data in full phase space.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for full phase space. Errors include systematics. A 2 pct correction for excess electrons from photon conversions is not included. The first two points, at N=2 and 4, were not measured but taken from the Lund PS model.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for single hemisphere. Errors include systematics. A 2 pct correction for excess electrons from photon conversions is not included.
In this paper we present a study on the production of the J ψ and ψ′ resonances, decaying into muon pairs, in S-U collisions, at 200 GeV per incident nucleon. We find that the ratio between ψ′ and tJ ψ yields decreases as E T , the neutral transverse energy produced in the collision, increases. There is also a clear decrease of this ratio when going from p-W to S-U interactions. Assuming the high mass continuum to be Drell-Yan we discuss the possible understanding of the intermediate dimuon mass region as a superposition of Drell-Yan (extrapolated down in mass) and muon pairs from the semileptonic decays of charmed mesons. The p-W data is found to be explained by this procedure. However, the S-U data seems to be incompatible with a linear extrapolation from the proton-nucleus results.
THE NEUTRAL TRANSVERSE ENERGY PRODUCED IN THE COLLISION > 15 GEV.
THE NEUTRAL TRANSVERSE ENERGY PRODUCED IN THE COLLISION > 15 GEV.
THE NEUTRAL TRANSVERSE ENERGY PRODUCED IN THE COLLISION > 15 GEV.
Inclusive charged particle and event shape distributions are measured using 321 hadronic events collected with the DELPHI experiment at LEP at effective centre of mass energies of 130 to 136 GeV. These distributions are presented and compared to data at lower energies, in particular to the precise Z data. Fragmentation models describe the observed changes of the distributions well. The energy dependence of the means of the event shape variables can also be described using second order QCD plus power terms. A method independent of fragmentation model corrections is used to determine αs from the energy dependence of the mean thrust and heavy jet mass. It is measured to be: $$←pha _s(133 {⤪ GeV})={0.116}pm {0.007}_{exp-0.004theo}^{+0.005}$$ from the high energy data.
mean values for event shape variables.
Integral of event shape distribution over the specified interval.
Integral of event shape distribution over the specified interval.
The splitting processes in identified quark and gluon jets are investigated using longitudinal and transverse observables. The jets are selected from symmetric three-jet events measured in Z decays with the Delphi detector in 1991-1994. Gluon jets are identified using heavy quark anti-tagging. Scaling violations in identified gluon jets are observed for the first time. The scale energy dependence of the gluon fragmentation function is found to be about two times larger than for the corresponding quark jets, consistent with the QCD expectation CA/CF. The primary splitting of gluons and quarks into subjets agrees with fragmentation models and, for specific regions of the jet resolution y, with NLLA calculations. The maximum of the ratio of the primary subjet splittings in quark and gluon jets is 2.77±0.11±0.10. Due to non-perturbative effects, the data are below the expectation at small y. The transition from the perturbative to the non-perturbative domain appears at smaller y for quark jets than for gluon jets. Combined with the observed behaviour of the higher rank splittings, this explains the relatively small multiplicity ratio between gluon and quark jets.
Scaled energy distribution of charged hadrons produced in Quark jets in 'Y'topology 3-JET events.
Scaled energy distribution of charged hadrons produced in Gluon jets in 'Y'topology 3-JET events.
Scaled energy distribution of charged hadrons produced in Quark jets in 'Mercedes' topology 3-JET events.
The observation of an anomalous J/ ψ suppression in Pb–Pb collisions by the NA50 Collaboration can be considered as the most striking indication for the deconfinement of quarks and gluons at SPS energies. In this Letter, we determine the J/ ψ suppression pattern as a function of the forward hadronic energy E ZDC measured in a Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC). The direct connection between E ZDC and the geometry of the collision allows us to calculate, within a Glauber approach, the precise relation between the number of participant nucleons N part and E ZDC . Then, we check if the experimental data can be better explained by a sudden or a smooth onset of the anomalous J/ ψ suppression as a function of the number of participants.
Minimum Bias E(C=ZDC) spectrum. Data extracted from fig with g3data, statistical errors not included and are set to 0, the systematic errors given by g3data due to extraction.
Number of participants as a function of E(C=ZDC) Data exctracted from fig with g3data, the systematic errors given by g3data due to extraction, and those marked (stat) are in this case the r.m.s. of the Npart distribution at fixed E(C=ZDC).;.
SIG(J/PSI)/SIG(DY) as a function of E(C=ZDC) with the standard analyses of the 1996 DATA 1996, standard analyses.
Measurements of the Xi- and anti-Xi+ masses, mass differences, lifetimes and lifetime differences are presented. The anti-Xi+ sample used is much larger than those used previously for such measurements. In addition, the Xi production rates in Z -> b anti-b and Z -> q anti-q events are compared and the position xi* of the maximum of the xi distribution in Z -> q anti-q events is measured.
Corrected LN(1/X) distribution for (XI- + XIBAR+) production.
Measured and extrapoplated production rates.
Extrapolated production rate in b-bbar events.
The production of two high-p_T jets in the interactions of quasi-real photons in e+e- collisions at sqrt{s_ee} from 189 GeV to 209 GeV is studied with data corresponding to an integrated e+e- luminosity of 550 pb^{-1}. The jets reconstructed by the k_T cluster algorithm are defined within the pseudo-rapidity range -1 < eta < 1 and with jet transverse momentum, p_T, above 3 GeV/c. The differential di-jet cross-section is measured as a function of the mean transverse momentum ptmean of the jets and is compared to perturbative QCD calculations.
Total cross section for dijet production. Errors are combined statistics and systematics.
Measured dijet production cross section as a function of the mean jet transverse momentum. Errors include both statistics and systematics.
Measured dijet production cross section as a function of jet pseudorapiditydifference. Errors include both statistics and systematics.
Dijet angular distributions from the first LHC pp collisions at center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV have been measured with the ATLAS detector. The dataset used for this analysis represents an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb-1. Dijet $\chi$ distributions and centrality ratios have been measured up to dijet masses of 2.8 TeV, and found to be in good agreement with Standard Model predictions. Analysis of the $\chi$ distributions excludes quark contact interactions with a compositeness scale $\Lambda$ below 3.4 TeV, at 95% confidence level, significantly exceeding previous limits.
CHI distribution for mass bin 340 to 520 GeV.
CHI distribution for mass bin 520 to 800 GeV.
CHI distribution for mass bin 800 to 1200 GeV.
A search for new heavy particles manifested as resonances in two-jet final states is presented. The data were produced in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 315 nb^-1 collected by the ATLAS detector. No resonances were observed. Upper limits were set on the product of cross section and signal acceptance for excited-quark (q*) production as a function of q* mass. These exclude at the 95% CL the q* mass interval 0.30 < mq* < 1.26 TeV, extending the reach of previous experiments.
The dijet mass distribution (NUMBER OF EVENTS).
95 PCT CL upper limit of the cross section x acceptance.
A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 35 inverse picobarns of analysed data. Gluino masses below 500 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion increases to 870 GeV for equal mass squarks and gluinos. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan(beta)= 3, A_0=0 and mu>0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded below 775 GeV. These are the most stringent limits to date.
The distribution in Meff (scalar sum of the missing transverse momentum and the transverse momenta of the two highest pT jets) for events with at least 2 jets after the application of all selection criteria (other than the Meff cut itself). The table shows the number of observed data points per 100 GeV bin plus the background prediction of the Standard-Model Monte-Carlo and its upper and lower 1-sigma error limits uncertainty band.
The distribution in Meff (scalar sum of the missing transverse momentum and the transverse momenta of the three highest pT jets) for events with at least 3 jets after the application of all selection criteria (other than the Meff cut itself). The table shows the number of observed data points per 100 GeV bin plus the background prediction of the Standard-Model Monte-Carlo and its upper and lower 1-sigma uncertainty band error limits.
The distribution in MT2 for events with at least 2 jets after the application of all selection criteria (other than the MT2 cut itself). The table shows the number of observed data points per 40 GeV bin plus the background prediction of the Standard-Model Monte-Carlo and its upper and lower 1-sigma uncertainty band error limits.
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