In this Report, QCD results obtained from a study of hadronic event structure in high energy e^+e^- interactions with the L3 detector are presented. The operation of the LEP collider at many different collision energies from 91 GeV to 209 GeV offers a unique opportunity to test QCD by measuring the energy dependence of different observables. The main results concern the measurement of the strong coupling constant, \alpha_s, from hadronic event shapes and the study of effects of soft gluon coherence through charged particle multiplicity and momentum distributions.
Jet fractions using the JADE algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter YCUT at c.m. energy 130.1 GeV.
Jet fractions using the JADE algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter YCUT at c.m. energy 136.1 GeV.
Jet fractions using the JADE algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter YCUT at c.m. energy 161.3 GeV.
An experimental investigation of the structure of identified quark and gluon jets is presented. Observables related to both the global and internal structure of jets are measured; this allows for test
The measured jet broadening distributions (B) in quark and gluon jets seperately.
Measured distributions of -LN(Y2), where Y2 is the differential one-subjet rate, that is the value of the subjet scale parameter where 2 jets appear from the single jet.
The mean subjet multiplicity (-1) for gluon jets and quark jets for different values of the subject resolution parameter Y0.
Previously published and as yet unpublished QCD results obtained with the ALEPH detector at LEP1 are presented. The unprecedented statistics allows detailed studies of both perturbative and non-perturbative aspects of strong interactions to be carried out using hadronic Z and tau decays. The studies presented include precise determinations of the strong coupling constant, tests of its flavour independence, tests of the SU(3) gauge structure of QCD, study of coherence effects, and measurements of single-particle inclusive distributions and two-particle correlations for many identified baryons and mesons.
Charged particle sphericity distribution.
Charged particle aplanarity distribution.
Charged particle Thrust distribution.
We present an analysis of multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced inZ0 hadronic decays. The results are based on the analysis of 82941 events collected within 100 MeV of theZ0 peak energy with the OPAL detector at LEP. The charged particle multiplicity distribution, corrected for initial-state radiation and for detector acceptance and resolution, was found to have a mean 〈nch〉=21.40±0.02(stat.)±0.43(syst.) and a dispersionD=6.49±0.02(stat.)±0.20(syst.). The shape is well described by the Lognormal and Gamma distributions. A negative binomial parameterisation was found to describe the shape of the multiplicity distribution less well. A comparison with results obtained at lower energies confirms the validity of KNO(-G) scaling up to LEP energies. A separate analysis of events with low sphericity, typically associated with two-jet final states, shows the presence of features expected for models based on a stochastic production mechanism for particles. In all cases, the features observed in the data are well described by the Lund parton shower model JETSET.
Distribution for whole event. The data at multiplicites 2 and 4 come from Monte Carlo data.
Distribution for single hemisphere.
Distribution for whole event. The data at multiplicites 2 and 4 come from Monte Carlo data.. Contributions from K0S and LAMBDA decays have been subtracted.
The multiplicity distributions of charged particles in restricted rapidity intervals inZ0 hadronic decays measured by the DELPHI detector are presented. The data reveal a shoulder structure, best visible for intervals of intermediate size, i.e. for rapidity limits around ±1.5. The whole set of distributions including the shoulder structure is reproduced by the Lund Parton Shower model. The structure is found to be due to important contributions from 3-and 4-jet events with a hard gluon jet. A different model, based on the concept of independently produced groups of particles, “clans”, fluctuating both in number per event and particle content per clan, has also been used to analyse the present data. The results show that for each interval of rapidity the average number of clans per event is approximately the same as at lower energies.
Data for both hemispheres.
Data for both hemispheres.
Data for both hemispheres.
This paper presents an analysis of the multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced inZ0 hadronic decays in the DELPHI detector. It is based on a sample of 25364 events. The average multiplicity is <nch>=20.71±0.04(stat)±0.77(syst) and the dispersionD=6.28±0.03(stat)±0.43(syst). The data are compared with the results at lower energies and with the predictions of phenomenological models. The Lund parton shower model describes the data reasonably well. The multiplicity distributions show approximate KNO-scaling. They also show positive forward-backward correlations that are strongest in the central region of rapidity and for particles of opposite charge.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for the raw data in full phase space.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for full phase space. Errors include systematics. A 2 pct correction for excess electrons from photon conversions is not included. The first two points, at N=2 and 4, were not measured but taken from the Lund PS model.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for single hemisphere. Errors include systematics. A 2 pct correction for excess electrons from photon conversions is not included.
We present the charged-particle multiplicity distributions for e+e− annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 50 to 61.4 GeV. The results are based on a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 30 pb−1 obtained with the AMY detector at the KEK storage ring TRISTAN. The charged-particle multiplicity distributions deviate significantly from the modified Poisson and pair Poisson distributions, but follow Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling and are well reproduced by the LUND parton-shower model.
Fully corrected charged particle multiplicity distributions. Errors for n=2 and 4 are systematic only since these were derived using the LUND 6.3 Monte Carlo normalized to the observations at higher n values.
No description provided.
The charged particle multiplicity distributions for two-jet events ine+e− annihilation at 29 GeV have been measured using the High Resolution Spectrometer at PEP. A Poisson distribution describes the data for both the complete event and for the single jets. In addition, no correlation is observed between the multiplicities in the two jets of an event. For fixed values of the prong number of the complete event, the multiplicity sharing between the two jets is in good agreement with a binomial distribution. The rapidity gap distribution is exponential with a slope equal to the mean rapidity density. These observations, which are consistent with a picture of independent emission of single particles, are contrasted to the results from soft hadronic collisions and conclusions are drawn about the nature of clusters.
Charged Particle Multiplicity distributions for single jet and whole event from the two jet sample. The numerical values are given in the paper Derrick et al, PR D34 (86) 3304, and are coded in this database as (<a href=http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/scripts/reacsearch.csh/TESTREAC/red+1437> RED = 1437 </a>).
Single Jet Mean Multiplicities.
Total event charged multiplicities.
This paper presents the charged-particle multiplicity distributions for e+e− annihilation at √s =29 GeV measured in the High Resolution Spectrometer. The data, which correspond to an integrated luminosity of 185 pb−1, were obtained at the SLAC e+e− storage ring PEP. The techniques used to correct the observed prong numbers are discussed. The multiplicity distribution of the charged particles has a mean value 〈n〉=12.87±0.03±0.30, a dispersion D2=3.67±0.02±0.18, and an f2 moment of 0.60±0.02±0.18. Results are also presented for a two-jet sample selected with low sphericity and aplanarity. The charged-particle distributions are almost Poissonian and narrower than have been reported by other e+e− experiments in this energy range. The mean multiplicity increases with the event sphericity, and for the sample of threefold-symmetric three-jet events, a value of 〈n〉=16.3±0.3±0.7 is found. No correlation is observed between the multiplicities in the two hemispheres when the events are divided into two jets by a plane perpendicular to the thrust axis. This result is in contrast with the situation in soft hadronic collisions, where a strong forward-backward correlation is measured. For the single jets, a mean multiplicity of 6.43±0.02±0.15 and a dispersion value of D2=2.55±0.02±0.13 are found. These values give further support to the idea of independent jet fragmentation. The multiplicity distributions are well fit by the negative-binomial distribution. The semi-inclusive rapidity distributions are presented. Comparisons are made to the measurements of charged-particle multiplicities in hadron-hadron and lepton-nucleon collisions.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for the Inclusive Data Sample.
Charged particle multiplicity distribution for the Two Jet Data Sample.
Properties of multiplicity distributions for Inclusive Data Sample.
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