The TPC mid-rapidity multiplicity distributions ($|\eta|$ < 0.5) for the corresponding E-FTPC selected centrality bins.

Uncorrected charged particle multiplicity distribution measured in the TPC within $|\eta|$ < 0.5 in pp collisions at 200 GeV.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the transverse overlap area $S_{⊥}$ to $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$ versus $(N_{part}/2)^{2/3}$.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

The ratio of the charged pion multiplicity to the transverse overlap area $dN_{\pi}/dy/S_{⊥}$ versus $N_{coll}/N_{part}$. Errors shown are total errors, dominated by systematic uncertainties. The systematic uncertainties are correlated between Npart, Ncoll, and S⊥, and are largely canceled in the plotted ratio quantities.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Energy loss effect for $\pi^{+-}$ (a), $K^{+-}$ (b), and p and pbar (c) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) as a function of particle momentum magnitude in 200 GeV pp and 62.4 GeV central 0-5% Au+Au collisions. Only negative particles are shown; energy loss for particles and antiparticles are the same. Errors shown are statistical only. The pion energy loss is already corrected by the track reconstruction algorithm.

Vertex-finding efficiency (ǫvtx) and fake vertex rate (δfake) as a function of the number of good global tracks (a) and the number of good primary tracks (b). Errors shown or smaller than the point size are statistical only.

Vertex-finding efficiency (ǫvtx) and fake vertex rate (δfake) as a function of the number of good global tracks (a) and the number of good primary tracks (b). Errors shown or smaller than the point size are statistical only.

The $p_{T}$ dependent correction to particle spectra due to fake vertex events, $\epsilon_{fake}(p_{T})$, in 200 GeV minimum bias pp and d+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

The $p_{T}$ dependent correction to particle spectra due to fake vertex events, $\epsilon_{fake}(p_{T})$, in 200 GeV minimum bias pp and d+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in pp (a) and d+Au collisions (b) at 200 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in pp (a) and d+Au collisions (b) at 200 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

Efficiency (product of tracking efficiency and detector acceptance) of π−, K−, and p in 70-80% peripheral Au+Au (a) and 0-5% central Au+Au collisions (b) at 62.4 GeV as a function of input MC p⊥. Errors shown are binomial errors. The curves are parameterizations to the efficiency data and are used for corrections in the analysis.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.40 < p⊥ < 0.45 GeV/c in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.70 < p⊥ < 0.75 GeV/c in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.40 < p⊥ < 0.45 GeV/c in 62.4 GeV 0-5% central Au+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

The dca distributions of protons and antiprotons for 0.70 < p⊥ < 0.75 GeV/c in 62.4 GeV 0-5% central Au+Au collisions. Errors shown are statistical only.

Pion background fraction from weak decays ($\Lambda, K_S^0$) and $\mu^{+-}$ contamination as a function of p⊥ in minimum bias d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Errors shown are statistical only.

Pion background fraction from weak decays ($\Lambda, K_S^0$) and $\mu^{+-}$ contamination as a function of p⊥ in minimum bias d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Errors shown are statistical only.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity identified antiproton spectra in 200 GeV minimum bias d+Au (a) and 62.4 GeV central Au+Au collisions (b) measured by dE/dx together with those by TOF [46, 47]. The dE/dx data are from |y| < 0.1 and the TOF data are from |y| < 0.5. The curves are various fits to the dE/dx data for extrapolation. The quadratic sum of statistical errors and point-to-point systematic errors are plotted, but are smaller than the point size.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The p and pbar spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for three centrality bins and for minimum bias events. Spectra from top to bottom are for 0-20% scaled by 4, 20-40% scaled by 2, minimum bias not scaled, and 40-100% scaled by 1/2. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the minimum bias data; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The p and p spectra are inclusive, including weak decay products. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, and 70-80%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but are smaller than the point size. The curves are the blast-wave model fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves in (a,b) are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) identified pion spectra in Au+Au collisions at 130 GeV. Spectra are plotted for eight centrality bins, from top to bottom, 0-6%, 6-11%, 11-18%, 18- 26%, 26-34%, 34-45%, 45-58%, and 58-85%. Errors plotted are statistical and point-to-point systematic errors added in quadrature, but they are smaller than the data point size. The curves are the Bose-Einstein fits to the spectra; the normalizations of the curves are fixed by the corresponding negative particle spectra.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Estimate of the product of the Bjorken energy density and the formation time ($\epsilon_{B_j}\tau$) as a function of centrality Npart. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K+/π+ and K−/π− ratios as a function of the collision energy in pp and central heavy-ion collisions.

The K+/K− ratio as a function of the collision energy in central heavy-ion collisions.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of the number of participants Npart in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

The K−/π− ratio as a function of dNπ/dy/S⊥ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. Errors shown are the quadratic sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.

Baryon chemical potential extracted for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted chemical freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted chemical freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

The extracted kinetic freeze-out temperatures for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Average transverse radial flow velocity extracted from the blast-wave model for central heavy-ion collisions as a function of the collision energy. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Phase diagram plot of chemical freezeout temperature versus baryon chemical potential extracted from chemical equilibrium models. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Phase diagram plot of chemical freezeout temperature versus baryon chemical potential extracted from chemical equilibrium models. Errors shown are the total statistical and systematic errors.

Differential cross-sections obtained from the optical and MC Glauber calculations for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Statistical errors are smaller than the point size.

Differential cross-sections obtained from the optical and MC Glauber calculations for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. Statistical errors are smaller than the point size.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7<\eta<-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7<\eta<-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).

Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).

The mean, $\langle n_{\rm gluon}^{\rm ch.} \rangle$, and first two non-trivial normalized factorial moments, $F_{\rm 2,\,gluon}$ and $F_{\rm 3,\,gluon}$, of the charged particle multiplicity distribution of gluon jets. The data have been corrected for detector acceptance and resolution, for event selection, and for gluon jet impurity.

The charged particle fragmentation function of gluon jets, ${1/N \,({\rm d}n_{\rm gluon}^{\rm ch.}/{\rm d}}x_E^*)$, for $E_{\rm g}^*$$\,=\,$14.24 and 17.72 GeV. The data have been corrected for detector acceptance and resolution, for event selection, and for gluon jet impurity.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions from Lattice QCD Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations for net-baryon.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations for net-proton (No Decay).

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are STAR data.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from UrQMD net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from AMPT default net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from AMPT String Melting net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from Therminator net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from Hijing net-proton.

No description provided.

No description provided.

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FOR THIS REACTION CSYS NOT GIVEN.

XP distribution at c.m. energy 172.0 GeV.

XP distribution at c.m. energy 183.0 GeV.

XP distribution at c.m. energy 189.0 GeV.

XP distribution at c.m. energy 196.0 GeV.

XP distribution at c.m. energy 200.0 GeV.

XP distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

Peak position in XI distribution for different c.m. energies.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 133.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 161.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 172.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 183.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 189.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 196.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 200.0 GeV.

XI distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 133.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 161.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 172.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 183.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 189.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 196.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 200.0 GeV.

XE distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 133.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 161.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 172.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 183.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 189.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 196.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 200.0 GeV.

PTIN distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

PTOUT distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 133.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 161.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 172.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 183.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 189.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 196.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 200.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T THRUST AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 133.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 161.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 172.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 183.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 189.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 196.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 200.0 GeV.

RAPIDITY W.R.T. SPHERICITY AXIS distribution at c.m. energy 206.0 GeV.

Combined results for ALPHAS.

Event shape means.

THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

1-THRUST distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Heavy Jet Mass (RHO) distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Total jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Wide jet broadening distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

C-PARAMETER distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Thrust Major distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Thrust Minor distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Jet Mass Difference distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Aplanarity distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Planarity distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Oblateness distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

Sphericity distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

LN(Y12) distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

LN(Y23) distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

LN(Y34) distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

LN(Y45) distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

LN(Y56) distribution at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

1-jet fraction at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

2-jet fraction at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

3-jet fraction at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

4-jet fraction at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

5-jet fraction at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 91.20 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 133.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 161.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 172.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 183.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 189.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 200.00 GeV.

>=6-jet fraction at c.m. energy 206.00 GeV.

Measurements of unbiased gluon jet multiplicity as a function of the energy scale Q=PT(C=LE).

The standard deviation (DISPERSION) of the subject multiplicity for gluon jets and quark jets for different values of the subject resolution parameter Y0.

The ratio of the multiplicities and their standard deviations for the subject in quark and gluon jets as a function of the subject resolution parameter Y0.

The measured fragmentation function for charged particles within quark and gluon jets.